Top 10 Biggest Cities in Bangladesh by Population
Bangladesh, located in South Asia, is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, with a rapidly growing urban landscape. Known for its vibrant culture, rich history, and economic resilience, Bangladesh is home to some of the largest and most dynamic cities in the region. These cities not only serve as economic hubs but also play a significant role in shaping the nation’s identity, each with its unique cultural and historical significance. Here are the top 10 cities in Bangladesh by population.
1. Dhaka: The Capital and Largest City
Overview
Dhaka is the capital and largest city in Bangladesh, situated along the banks of the Buriganga River. As the political, economic, and cultural center of the country, Dhaka has evolved into a bustling metropolis with a diverse population and a dynamic economy.
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 21 million residents.
- Metropolitan Area: Including the greater Dhaka metropolitan area, the population exceeds 21 million, making it one of the most populous cities in the world.
Key Features
Economic Powerhouse
Dhaka is the heart of Bangladesh’s economy, with key industries such as textiles, finance, and trade. The city is home to numerous garment factories, which contribute significantly to Bangladesh’s export economy. The Bashundhara City and Jamuna Future Park are among the largest shopping malls in South Asia, symbolizing the city’s rapid economic growth.
Cultural and Historical Landmarks
Dhaka boasts a rich history, with landmarks like the Lalbagh Fort, Ahsan Manzil (Pink Palace), and Dhakeshwari Temple highlighting its cultural heritage. The city also has a vibrant art scene, with cultural institutions like the Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy and the National Museum showcasing traditional and contemporary Bangladeshi art.
Challenges and Urban Development
Dhaka faces typical challenges of a megacity, including traffic congestion, air pollution, and infrastructure strain. Despite these challenges, the city has seen significant infrastructure improvements, such as the Dhaka Metro Rail Project and other urban development initiatives aimed at addressing its rapid growth.
2. Chittagong: The Gateway to the Bay of Bengal
Overview
Chittagong is the second-largest city in Bangladesh and the main seaport, located along the Bay of Bengal. Known as the “Gateway to Bangladesh,” Chittagong serves as a crucial hub for trade and commerce.
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 4 million residents.
- Economic Importance: Chittagong’s population reflects its role as the principal port city and industrial center in Bangladesh.
Key Features
Port and Industrial Economy
The Port of Chittagong is the busiest in Bangladesh, handling most of the country’s exports and imports. The city’s economy is driven by heavy industries, including shipbuilding, steel production, and cement manufacturing. The Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in Chittagong attracts foreign investment and boosts economic activity.
Scenic Beauty and Tourism
Chittagong is known for its natural beauty, with scenic hills, rivers, and beaches. Nearby attractions include Cox’s Bazar, the longest natural sea beach in the world, and Patenga Beach, a popular spot for locals and tourists.
Historical Significance
The city is home to several historical sites, such as the Chandanpura Mosque and World War II Cemetery, which reflect its diverse cultural history. Chittagong also has a strong cultural presence, with festivals, music, and dance performances held throughout the year.
3. Khulna: The Gateway to the Sundarbans
Overview
Khulna is the third-largest city in Bangladesh, located near the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the world. As the capital of Khulna Division, the city serves as an important industrial and commercial hub in southwestern Bangladesh.
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 1.5 million residents.
- Economic Role: Khulna’s population reflects its significance as a center for industry and trade in the region.
Key Features
Industrial and Economic Base
Khulna has a diversified economy, with industries including jute, fish processing, and shipbuilding. The Khulna Shipyard is a prominent institution that supports the local economy. The city is also known for its fish export industry, particularly shrimp, which is one of Bangladesh’s key export products.
Proximity to the Sundarbans
As the gateway to the Sundarbans mangrove forest, Khulna is a key starting point for eco-tourists looking to explore this UNESCO World Heritage site. The Sundarbans are home to the Royal Bengal tiger and a variety of unique flora and fauna, making it an attraction for nature enthusiasts.
Cultural Sites
Khulna is home to the Khan Jahan Ali’s Tomb and Sixty Dome Mosque in nearby Bagerhat, both of which are significant historical and architectural landmarks that attract visitors interested in Bangladesh’s Islamic heritage.
4. Rajshahi: The Silk City
Overview
Rajshahi is known as the “Silk City” due to its historical role in Bangladesh’s silk industry. Located in northwestern Bangladesh, it is a major educational and administrative center.
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 800,000 residents.
- Academic Significance: Rajshahi’s population reflects its role as a major educational and cultural hub.
Key Features
Silk and Mango Industry
Rajshahi is famous for its silk production, with many local artisans engaged in weaving silk fabrics. The city is also known for its mango orchards, producing some of the finest mangoes in Bangladesh. Rajshahi’s silk and mango products are exported both domestically and internationally.
Education and Academia
Rajshahi is home to Rajshahi University and Rajshahi Medical College, making it a significant center for education in Bangladesh. The city has a vibrant student population, contributing to its intellectual and cultural atmosphere.
Cultural Landmarks
The Puthia Temple Complex and Varendra Research Museum are among Rajshahi’s prominent historical and cultural sites, attracting visitors interested in the region’s history and architecture.
5. Sylhet: The Land of Tea Gardens
Overview
Sylhet is situated in northeastern Bangladesh and is famous for its lush tea gardens and hilly landscapes. Known for its natural beauty, Sylhet is an important center for tourism and expatriate remittances.
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 600,000 residents.
- Tourism and Expat Influence: Sylhet’s population reflects its role as a tourist destination and the financial support from expatriate communities.
Key Features
Tea Industry
Sylhet is known for its tea estates, which produce a significant portion of Bangladesh’s tea. The rolling green hills and tea gardens attract tourists, contributing to the city’s economy and reputation as a scenic destination.
Expatriate Community
Sylhet has a large expatriate population, particularly in the United Kingdom, which provides substantial remittances that support the local economy. The influence of the expatriate community is evident in the city’s infrastructure, businesses, and lifestyle.
Religious and Cultural Sites
Sylhet is home to several important religious sites, including the Hazrat Shah Jalal Mazar Sharif, a shrine dedicated to the city’s patron saint. This and other spiritual landmarks make Sylhet a center for religious tourism in Bangladesh.
6. Mymensingh: The Educational Hub
Overview
Mymensingh is one of Bangladesh’s oldest cities, located along the Brahmaputra River. Known for its educational institutions, it is an important cultural and academic center in central Bangladesh.
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 500,000 residents.
- Academic Reputation: Mymensingh’s population reflects its status as a major educational hub.
Key Features
Educational Institutions
Mymensingh is home to Bangladesh Agricultural University, one of the most prestigious universities in Bangladesh. The city also has several renowned schools and colleges, attracting students from across the country.
Agricultural Economy
Agriculture is a significant part of Mymensingh’s economy, with the fertile land around the Brahmaputra River supporting rice, jute, and fish farming. The city’s agricultural market is a vital source of income for the local population.
Cultural Heritage
The city has a rich cultural history, with landmarks such as Shoshi Lodge and Alexander Castle reflecting its architectural heritage. Mymensingh also hosts various cultural events and festivals that celebrate traditional music and dance.
7. Barisal: The Venice of the East
Overview
Barisal is a major port city located in southern Bangladesh along the Kirtankhola River. Known for its waterways and rivers, it is often referred to as the “Venice of the East.”
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 400,000 residents.
- Economic Significance: Barisal’s population reflects its role as a key river port and trading center.
Key Features
River-Based Economy
Barisal’s economy is closely tied to its rivers, with activities such as fishing, water transport, and trade playing a central role. The city’s location along the deltaic waterways supports its fishing industry and connects it to other parts of the country.
Education and Medical Services
Barisal is home to several educational institutions, including Barisal University and Sher-e-Bangla Medical College, making it an important center for higher education and healthcare in southern Bangladesh.
Scenic Beauty and Festivals
The rivers and canals surrounding Barisal contribute to its scenic beauty, attracting visitors interested in boat tours and river cruises. The city also celebrates local festivals and cultural events, adding to its vibrant atmosphere.
8. Rangpur: The City of Tajhat Palace
Overview
Rangpur is a significant urban center in northwestern Bangladesh, known for its agricultural activities and historical sites. As the capital of the Rangpur Division, it plays an important role in the region’s economy and culture.
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 350,000 residents.
- Agricultural Influence: Rangpur’s population highlights its role as an agricultural and trade center.
Key Features
Agricultural Economy
Rangpur is surrounded by fertile land that supports crops like rice, jute, and potatoes. The city is a major agricultural hub, with local markets catering to the needs of farmers and traders.
Historical Landmarks
The Tajhat Palace, a grand historical palace, is a notable landmark in Rangpur. The palace, now a museum, showcases the architectural splendor of the region’s past and attracts visitors interested in history and culture.
Educational Institutions
Rangpur has several educational institutions, including Begum Rokeya University, which contributes to the intellectual and cultural life of the city.
9. Comilla: The Commercial Hub
Overview
Comilla is an important commercial city in southeastern Bangladesh, known for its historical sites and thriving business community. It serves as a key transit point between Dhaka and Chittagong.
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 350,000 residents.
- Trade and Commerce: Comilla’s population reflects its role as a center for business and trade.
Key Features
Industrial Base
Comilla has a growing industrial sector, with industries such as textiles, ceramics, and consumer goods contributing to the local economy. The Comilla Export Processing Zone (EPZ) supports foreign investment and manufacturing.
Historical Sites
The city is known for the Mainamati Ruins, an archaeological site containing ancient Buddhist monasteries. This site attracts historians and tourists alike, providing insight into Bangladesh’s ancient history.
Cultural Diversity
Comilla has a vibrant culture, with various festivals, music, and dance performances reflecting the city’s traditional heritage. The Comilla Cadet College and other institutions contribute to the city’s educational landscape.
10. Narayanganj: The Industrial Hub
Overview
Narayanganj is an industrial city located near Dhaka, known for its jute mills and textile industries. Often referred to as the “Dundee of the East” for its jute production, Narayanganj is one of the oldest industrial cities in Bangladesh.
Population Statistics
- City Population: Approximately 300,000 residents.
- Industrial Growth: Narayanganj’s population reflects its status as a major manufacturing hub.
Key Features
Textile and Jute Industries
Narayanganj is a center for Bangladesh’s textile and jute industries, with numerous factories and mills contributing to the country’s economy. The city’s industries are a major source of employment and economic activity.
Trade and Transport
Situated near Dhaka and along the Shitalakshya River, Narayanganj serves as an important trade and transport hub. The city’s proximity to the capital makes it a strategic location for industrial and commercial activities.
Historical Landmarks
Narayanganj has several historical landmarks, including the Sonargaon Museum, which preserves artifacts from Bengal’s rich history. The city’s cultural heritage and industrial strength make it a unique blend of the old and new.
